Name : Miftahul Fauzan
NPM : 15213476
Class : 4EA18
TASK 1 : Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2
Conditional Sentence
Conditional Sentence (=Kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau mungkin tidak terjadi seperti yang diharapkan.
Conditional Sentence (Kalimat Pengandaian) dalam bahada inggris selalu berbentuk kalimat majemuk (compound sentence), yaitu kalimat yang terdiri atas Main Clause (Induk Kaimat) dan Subordinate Clause (Anak Kalimat). Pada bentuk conditional sentence ini antara induk kalimat dengan amak kalimat dihubungkan dengan “ if (jika) ”.
Main clause (induk kalimat) adalah bagian dari kalimat majemuk yang dapat berdiri sendiri serta memiliki arti yang lengkap jika berpisah dari bagian yang lain dalam kalimat majemuk.
Sedangkan Subordinate Clause (anak kalimat) adalah bagian dari kalimat majemuk yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri seandainya berpisah dari bagian yang lain dalam kalimat majemuk.
Terdapat tiga tipe conditional sentence. Secara singkat ketiga tipe tersebut bisa dilihat di tabel berikut:
Conditional Sentence Type I
Kalimat conditional disebut juga dengan kalimat pengandaian. Contoh di bawah ini:
If I have a lot of money, I will go to America.
I will sleep if I am sleepy.
If my father has much money, he will buy a new house.
Ketiga contoh di atas adalah contoh dari conditional sentence. Conditional sentence terdiri dari 2 bagian yaitu: subordinate clause dan main clause. Subordinate clause (if + clause) merupakan pernyataan syarat atau kondisi. Sedangkan main clause pada conditional sentence adalah pernyataan akibat terpenuhinya (+) atau tidak terpenuhinya (-) persyaratan yang ada pada subordinate clause atau kondisi yang ada pada subordinate clause.
Perhatikan kembali contoh di atas:
If I have a lot of money…(subordinate clause) kalimat ini merupakan syarat untuk terjadinya sesuatu yaitu : I will go to America. (main clause). Jadi saya akan pergi ke Amerika jika saya mempunyai banyak uang.
Conditional sentence type 1
Conditional sentence type 1 bermakna future karena akibat (main clause) berbentuk future dan subordinate clause berbentuk simple present tense. kejadian yang ada pada main clause yang berbentuk future tersebut akan terjadi bila persyaratan yang ada pada subordinate clause (if…) terpenuhi.
Rumus condtional sentence type 1
If +simple present tense, Simple future tense
Simple future tense + if + simple present tense
NOTE: jangan lupa memasukan , (comma) jika ingin meletakkan subordinate clause terlebih dahulu. Tidak perlu meletakkan koma jika main clause anda masukan terlebih dahulu.
If she has my address, she will send the invitation to me.
They will buy a car if they have money.
My mother will go to Bali if she has a lot of money.
You will be late if you sleep late.
He will not come if you are angry with him.
Conditional Sentence Type II
Conditional sentence type II Rumusnya sebagai berikut:
If + Simple past tense + , + Past future tense
Past future tense + if + simple past tense
Contoh:
If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
I would send her an invitation if I found her address.
If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.
If I were you, I would not do this.
Conditional type II ini digunakan sebagai aplikasi kejadian masa sekarang atau present. Kejadiannya akan terjadi jika kondisi yang ada pada subodinate clausenya berbeda.
Conditional Clause and Main Clause
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If I have enough money,
conditional clause |
I will go to Japan.
main clause |
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I will go to Japan,
main clause |
if I have enough money
conditional clause |
First, Second, and Third Conditional
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1. First conditional:
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If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.
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2. Second conditional:
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If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.
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3. Third conditional:
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If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.
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Conditional clause
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Main clause
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1. If + Present Tense
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will + inf / present tense / imperative
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a. If you help me with the dishes (if + pres),
I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)
b. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three,
the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense)
c. If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).
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2. If + Past Tense
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would + inf
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3. If + Past Perfect Tense
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would have + past participle
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We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause,
only in the main clause. |
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Uses of the Conditional
1. First conditional
a. Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
b. Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.
e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.
2. Second conditional
a. Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
b. Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would tell my father.
Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by a presidential candidate)
If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a schoolboy: improbable)
If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.
If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)
e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would tell my father.
Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by a presidential candidate)
If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a schoolboy: improbable)
If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.
If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)
3. Third conditional
a. Nature: unreal
b. Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)
e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't, and I have).
e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't, and I have).
